Fasting blood sugar in a healthy person is 90-100 mg/dl at most. In hyperglycemia, fasting blood glucose is above 125 mg/dl. Those with fasting blood sugar between 100-125 mg/dl are considered to have impaired glucose tolerance. This condition is called prediabetes. A person is considered to have hyperglycemia if their blood sugar is above 180 mg/dl 2 hours after a meal. Hyperglycemia does not occur only in diabetes (diabetes). Medications, hormonal diseases, serious infections, pancreatic diseases, cortisone use, surgery and trauma can also cause an increase in blood sugar.
Effects of High Blood Sugar
Urine Frequency
Your kidneys have to work hard to process all that excess sugar in your blood. When they can't keep up, your body gets rid of it along with the water it needs. So you urinate frequently.
Very Thirsty
To get rid of this excess sugar, your body draws water from its own tissues. Because you need that fluid to make energy, transfer nutrients, and get rid of waste, a switch turns in your brain telling you you're thirsty so you need to drink more.
Dry Mouth
Your mouth may dry out and crack in the corners as your body draws fluid from it. Less saliva and more sugar in your blood makes infection more likely. Your gums may swell and white patches may appear on your tongue and inside your cheeks. Drinking more water or chewing sugarless gum may help.
Wound and Dryness on the Body
Your body takes water from everywhere to get rid of excess blood sugar. This can cause dry, itchy, cracked skin, especially on your legs, elbows, feet, and hands. Over time, high glucose levels can also damage nerves. This is called diabetic neuropathy. Cuts, sores, or infections can make it harder for you to feel. Without treatment, they can become bigger problems, such as the loss of a toe, foot, or part of your leg.
Defect of Vision
Your body can draw fluid from the lenses in your eyes, making it difficult to focus. And high blood sugar can damage the blood vessels at the back of your eyes. This can cause long-term vision loss and even blindness.
Tiredness
When you have type 2 diabetes and your blood sugar is high too often, you become less sensitive to insulin, which helps move energy into your cells. Lack of energy can make you tired. You may experience the same fatigue as type 1 diabetes because your body cannot produce its own insulin. If you don't act right, your level can always stay high.